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Technology and the newsroom

Citizens’ Media: Co= ntrol

Citizens’ Media: Relationships

Speed of news

Ubiquity of news

Search & link: = new architecture

Search & link: = new news

Culture of transpar= ency

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Technology and the newsroom
Citizens’ media
Speed
Ubiquity
New architecture of information: Search & link
The culture of tran= sparency

Citizens’ Media: Co= ntrol
From control of con= tent to creation of content
Easy publishing too= ls: weblogging
Ubiquitous distribu= tion
Readers as writers<= /font>
Citizens establish = media

Citizens’ Media: Relationships
The audience has a = voice. Are we listening?
Corrections: ‘We fa= ct-check your ass.’ Or pain in the ass?
Authority: ours and= /or the audience’s?
Competition and/or = cooperation?
New sources of news= and information.
New sources of dive= rse viewpoints
The real-life focus= group
Recasting our relat= ionship

Speed of news
The news comes in f= aster:
Digital photography= … wireless and satellite delivery…portable technology
Any witness can cap= ture and send us news.
The news goes out f= aster.

Ubiquity of news
News everywhere, al= l the time:
Mobile devices
Ubiquitous high-ban= dwidth
RSS
The changing prime-= time of news
The changing source= s of news

Search & link: = new architecture
The grammar of info= rmation has changed:
It is no longer hom= e-delivered. It is sought.
We search for what = we want (not what someone else things we want).
We follow links whe= n we want more.
We target our own c= overage.

Search & link: = new news
How would you desig= n news from scratch today?
Banish background
De-emphasize commod= ity news
Emphasize strengths= : localness, perspective
Present various vie= wpoints: embrace debate
Engage in conversat= ion
Think interface: ma= ke it quick and convenient
Don’t waste our rea= ders’ time.
The atomic level of= news

Culture of transpar= ency
Roots:
Weblogging
Open-source softwar= e
File-sharing=
Impact:
The gift economy
Craving conversatio= n
Craving community
Democracy
Frankness
So why are we still= opaque?

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Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
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------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/pres.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/v3_slide0007.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Slide 1
Technology
= Technology and the newsroom
<= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> =
• Cit= izens’ media
• Spee= d
• Ubiq= uity
• New= architecture of information: Search & link
• The= culture of transparency
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Citizens’ Media: Control
<= /td> = <= /td> <= /td> <= /td>
• Fro= m control of content to creation of content
• Eas= y publishing tools: weblogging
• Ubi= quitous distribution
• Rea= ders as writers
• Cit= izens establish media
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Citizens’ Media: Relationships
<= /td> <= /td> = <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td>
• The= audience has a voice. Are we listening?
• Co= rrections: ‘We fact-check your ass.’ Or pain
in t= he ass?
• Aut= hority: ours and/or the audience’s?
• Com= petition and/or cooperation?
• New= sources of news and information.
• New= sources of diverse viewpoints
• The= real-life focus group
• Rec= asting our relationship
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Speed of news
<= /td> = <= /td> =
The= news comes in faster:
• Dig= ital photography… wireless and satellite
del= ivery…portable technology
• Any= witness can capture and send us news.
The= news goes out faster.
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Ubiquity of news
<= /td> <= /td> <= /td> = <= /td> <= /td>
New= s everywhere, all the time:
• Mob= ile devices
• Ubi= quitous high-bandwidth
• RSS<= /font>
• The= changing prime-time of news
• The= changing sources of news
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Search & link: new architecture
<= /td> = <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td>
The= grammar of information has changed:
• It = is no longer home-delivered. It is sought.
• We = search for what we want (not what
som= eone else things we want).
• We = follow links when we want more.
• We = target our own coverage.
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Search & link: new news
<= /td> = <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> =
Ho= w would you design news from scratch today?
• Ban= ish background
• De-= emphasize commodity news
• Emp= hasize strengths: localness, perspective
• Pre= sent various viewpoints: embrace debate
• Eng= age in conversation
• Thi= nk interface: make it quick and convenient
• Don= ’t waste our readers’ time.
• The= atomic level of news
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology
= Culture of transparency
<= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td>
Root= s:
• Web= logging
• Ope= n-source
soft= ware
• Fil= e-sharing
<= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td> <= /td>
Impa= ct:
• The= gift economy
• Cra= ving conversation
• Cra= ving community
• Demo= cracy
• Fran= kness
• So = why are we still
opaq= ue?
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
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Technology and the newsroom
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Citizens= ’ media
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Speed= 3;
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Ubiquity=
•New arch= itecture of information: Search & link
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•The cult= ure of transparency
•
<= span style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
<= span style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
I̵= 7;ll skip over the obvious changes I have seen technology bring to the newsroom in my career: captured keystrokes, digital editing, wysiwyg design, wireless transmission, improved deadlines. That is yesterday’s news.<= br>
The im= portant developments in technology affecting the newsroom today are all happening outside the newsroom, bringing change from the outside in.
I̵= 7;ll quickly focus on five broad areas…
I will= emphasize first and foremost the advent of citizens’ media because I believe = it is nothing less than revolutionary for news.
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Citizens’ Media: Control
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.01%'>•From con= trol of content to creation of content
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Easy pub= lishing tools: weblogging
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Ubiquito= us distribution
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Readers = as writers
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.61%'>•Citizens establish media
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
Forget= Gutenberg.
I say = that the most important invention in media was the remote control, for it gave the audi= ence control. Add the cable box, the VCR, TiVo, the iPod, the Internet -- all embraced because of the control they gave consumers.
Now ad= d tools that allow citizens not just to control content but to create and distribute i= t.
Add we= blogging.
Weblog= ging is the product of history’s easiest, cheapest publishing tool attached to history’s best distribution network.
It bri= ngs the power of the printing press and the broadcast tower to the citizens.
It des= troys the barrier to entry to media.
As Jay= Rosen of NYU says, “Now, the readers are writers and the writers are readers.= 221;
Citize= ns are creating their own media and even media companies – witness Nick Denton’s Gawker Media; one political blogger set to make $150,000 t= his year; other bloggers starting to make a living as entrepreneurs. I depres= sed the hell out of a magazine columnist who was thinking about coming to blo= gs when I told him who his competitors were. “You mean I’m compe= ting with people making $2,000 a month?” he gasped. “No,” I said. “You’re competing with people who are doing this for fr= ee because they love it.”
ItR= 17;s happening in text now but it will happen in TV and radio next because the equipment= is good and cheap; the editing tools are getting better and cheaper (I use a= $90 camera and $99 software to create video commentaries); distribution is finally about to be cheap and ubiquitous; and the TV industry itself is starting to disassemble as cable networks start broadband channels. TV wi= ll explode.
But we= blogs are exploding first.
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Citizens’ Media: Relationships
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.08%'>•The audi= ence has a voice. Are we listening?
•Correcti= ons: ‘We fact-check your ass.’ Or pain in the ass?
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•Authorit= y: ours and/or the audience’s?
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•Competit= ion and/or cooperation?
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•New sour= ces of news and information.
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•New sour= ces of diverse viewpoints
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•The real= -life focus group
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•Recastin= g our relationship
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
This c= hanges our fundamental relationship with our public in many ways:
+ Firs= t, the people we used to call the audience finally have a voice. And it is our turn to listen. But I would say we’re not – yet.
+ Seco= nd, they are correcting us. As early blogger Ken Layne famously said, “We fact-c= heck your ass.” That is good for us. Note the relationship of bloggers to The New York Times’ public editor, Dan Okrent, who has responded to bloggers’ complaints and gotten high marks – at least outside= The Times – for it. Note last week’s explanation by the Washington Post’s Baghdad bureau chief of his mistaken claim that Paul Bremer = did not give a farewell address to the Iraqi people; he credited bloggers with pressuring him to do so. See, too, how the LA Times succumbed to a surpri= sed and cynical blogger’s pressure to fairly criticize a liberal Supreme Court justice as it had a conservative judge – a success story for listening. This will be good for our credibility.
+ Citi= zens’ media tears down the authority of big media and establishes the authority= of the audience. That’s not as ominous as it sounds. Whom are you goin= g to believe when it comes to recommendations for a new phone to buy, or a boo= k, or a babysitter? Fellow consumers. Citizens.
+ We c= an look upon citizens’ media as competition. I say its wiser to cooperate. In the relationship I’m trying to establish with town bloggers in our mark= ets, we will (1) promote each other, (2) share content, (3) bring them into ou= r ad network, expanding our reach and underwriting their efforts.
On a far different scale, shouldn’t we all be reading weblogs by Iraqis to compare and contrast to our coverage of events there? Shouldn’t we be quoting them for their unique perspective?
+ They= are providing us with new sources of news, information, and diverse viewpoints. At Adva= nce, we are working, slowly but surely to use citizen bloggers to help us achi= eve the newspaper nirvana of hyperlocal coverage, building our primary competitive strength – our localness – and building our audie= nce and then, we hope, bringing in the holy grail of hyperlocal advertising, = the pizzeria who never could afford to advertise with us.
+ Webl= ogs provide us with diverse viewpoints – at home or in Iraq. Note Pew’s find= ing that during two-thirds of consumers liked the Internet because of the abi= lity to get news from many source; half valued the ability to get different po= ints of view from news and government outlets. With the commoditization of new= s, perhaps viewpoint is a key asset. I say that is the key lesson of the suc= cess of FoxNews: The people haven’t gone to the right; they are going to= a source of news that’s more interesting and we must give them credit= for being able to truly judge what is fair and balanced. And if we stick our noses up at FoxNews, we reject our public. That is dangerous.
+ We c= an look upon citizens’ media as the ultimate focus group: They tell us what they care about, what really matters to them. Compare the top headlines on our front pages with the stories that get the most links on Technorati or Blo= gdex and you may question our news judgment. Are our reporters getting story i= deas from blogs and forums?
+ Webl= ogs are essentially social; we bloggers love community; we love the conversation.=
Before= I appeared on a panel at the Online News Association, I asked my blog readers what I sh= ould say and one of them, cartoonist, adman and blogger Hugh McLeod, replied: :
“Perhaps online newspapers should stop seeing themselves as ‘things,’ rather a point on the map where wonderful people cluster together to do wonderful things. A … brain trust, held cohe= sive by good editor. Some of the cluster will be paid (the journalists), others won't (the audience). But everybody is welcome to contribute, and is kinda working together with the same goal: to create the most vibrant intellect= ual collective that they can.”

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Speed of news
•The news = comes in faster:
•Digital photography… wireless and satellite delivery…portable technology
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.1%'>•Any witne= ss can capture and send us news.
•The news = goes out faster.
•
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
ItR= 17;s so obvious I won’t dwell on it. But an important impact of technology = on the news business is, of course, that we can get the news faster from more sources.
+ For = example, we’re using digital photography and now the people are. We will get major news photography from witnesses. Are we prepared for that? Are we inviting people to share the news. (It’s how Gawker gets its news.)= Do we have the technical means to accept it? How do we vet it and incorporat= e it in our reports?
+ Duri= ng the Iraq war, of course, we saw instant reports via satphones from our reporters-as-witnesses. This raises issues we’re all quite familiar with: Instant news bypasses editing and does not have the luxury of waiti= ng for the fuller story to emerge.
We val= ue speed. Should we also fear it? Should we present news differently so the audienc= e is better equipped to know the difference between a report of a mobile biological lab and confirmation of it?
------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0009_image015.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADd AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4YiVAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0009_image016.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADc AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4biUwAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0004.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Slide 1
Ubiquity of news
•News everywhere, all the time:
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•Mobile devices
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•Ubiquito= us high-bandwidth
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•RSS =
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•The chan= ging prime-time of news
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•The chan= ging sources of news
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
We as = consumers no longer wait for news to come to us. News waits for us to come get it. New= s is constant. It’s wherever, whenever we want it.
This i= s thanks to:
+ The = Internet
+ Auto= mated news services (GoogleNews, AP on Yahoo)
+ Mobi= le devices (I check GoogleNews on my Treo)
+ The = promise of ubiquitous high-speed access (I’ll then be able to watch TV on my Treo). So are we ready to offer bandwidth-smart content? Can our newsrooms gather and produce it? Are we all unimedia in a multimedia world?<= br>
+ RSS = (a new means of delivery for content; I’ll explain that later if anyone wants)
This c= hanges news consumers’ habits, the expectations of consumers for what we delive= r, and the way we deliver it.
We hav= e all found online that noon – lunchtime – is the new prime time of news.= But we don’t deliver our products then.
We als= o are finding, again, that consumers are going to more and more sources of news. This is= how The Guardian became such a big brand in the U.S. Should we be linking to those sources for them?
------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0004_image017.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADd AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4YiVAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0004_image018.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADc AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4biUwAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0005.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Slide 1
Search & link: new architecture
•The gramm= ar of information has changed:
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.24%'>•It is no= longer home-delivered. It is sought.
•We searc= h for what we want (not what someone else things we want).
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•We follo= w links when we want more.
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•We targe= t our own coverage.
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
Now wh= en you want information, where is the first place you go?
Google= , of course.
You se= arch.
And th= en you link.
News a= nd information is no longer about us feeding them. It’s about me getting what I wa= nt when and where I want it. That should change the way we offer news.
------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0005_image019.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADd AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4YiVAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0005_image020.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADc AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4biUwAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0011.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Slide 1
Search & link: new news
•How would you design news from scratch today?&= #13;
•Banish background =
•De-emphasize commodity news
•Emphasize strengths: localness, perspective
•Present various viewpoints: embrace debate
•Engage in conversation
•Think interface: make it quick and convenient
•Don’t waste our readers’ time.
•The atomic level of news
•<= /span>
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
Someti= me ago, on my weblog, I wrote about the post-Internet newspaper: How would you design a news product from scratch today? (http://www.buzzmachine.com/archives/2003_09.html#004722)
+ For = example, wouldn’t it make sense to banish background from the story to a lin= k? It’s numbing reading the same background over and over and it’= ;s unnecessary (and when it is necessary, it’s usually inadequate).
What e= lse?
+ Shou= ld we lead with the news everyone already knows or should we lead with our key strengths: Our localness, our original reporting, our viewpoints, our perspective?
To quo= te Carly Fiorina in the conference readings: “They don’t need us any m= ore for access to information. They need us to add value, to add perspective = that they don’t see, to add understanding that they don’t have.= 221;
+ Shou= ldn’t we link to and perhaps summarize other sources of news? If that’s what= the audience wants, why don’t we help them?
+ Shou= ldn’t we present the news from various viewpoints?
+ Let&= #8217;s find ways to give the audience a voice, include them in our product, engage in= the conversation
+ We s= hould take the lessons of user interface and user behavior to all news products: how we organize our news, how we trim stories of show-off paragaphs to save readers’ time.
+ Fina= lly, we need to recognize that the essential element of news and information is no lon= ger the newspaper or the channel and no longer even the page or the show, it = is the story or the post – news has gone molecular. So we need to orga= nize our news that way, taking people directly and permanently to the elements= of news they want.
------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0011_image021.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADd AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4YiVAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0011_image022.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlh3gECAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAADc AQEAgAAAAHgAeAIUjI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4biUwAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/slide0010.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Slide 1
Culture of transparency
•Roots: &#= 13;
•Webloggin= g
•Open-sour= ce = software
•File-shar= ing
Technology
Jeff Jarvis - BuzzMachine.com
=
•Impact:&#= 13;
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•The gift economy
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-8.47%'>•Craving conversation
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.3%'>•Craving community
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•Democracy=
<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•Frankness=
•So why are we still opaque?
The mo= st profound change technology is bringing to journalism and to the culture has nothin= g to do with silicon or software. It is, instead, a weltanschauung accepted am= ong the current generation and expected of us, the last generation.
It is = a culture of transparency.
Transp= arency has its roots in many technologies:
Of cou= rse, weblogging is all about transparency: Bloggers tell the world about ̵= 1; and are often called upon to defend – their opinions and interests, their mistakes and temptations, and even their lives.
This m= ovement believes that open-source software works better because the wisdom of the crowds, to borrow the title of James Surowiecki’s new book. The pro= cess must be transparent.
And th= is generation, to our consternation, believes that information and intellectual property want to be free and open: transparent, in another sense.
But it= ’s not all about theft. This is the gift economy, in which we share our experien= ce and information and talents with others in the expectation that what goes around will come around.
This i= s a extremely social movement – not a movement of geeky loners.
This m= ovement craves conversation – two-way conversation when for so long have worked on= ly one-way. Are we listening and responding?
It cra= ves community and we need to ask ourselves whether we see ourselves as members of the community or still above it.
It is = a culture built around merit but it is also essentially egalitarian: Nobody knows whether you’re a dog on the Internet, but they do know whether you’re a genius. It is a movement of populism and democracy: See how weblogs are ready to revolutionize even Iran. Hell, see democracy in acti= on in the influence of blog links in a Google search.
Libert= é Egalité Fraternité: to the blogs, comrades.
This i= s also a movement of frankness. That is the root of flame wars: People say what th= ey think. They confess their bias. They expect us to.
So thi= s culture of transparency expects us to be transparent. And haven’t we always expected those we cover to be transparent? Haven’t we demanded openness, frankness, honesty, and hearing of the politicians and business people and civic leaders we cover?
It is = our turn to open the shades, to reveal our process and prejudice, to engage in the conversation, to join in the community… to be transparent. Shouldn’t we, of all people and professions, be the most transparen= t? Sometime ago, on my weblog, I wrote about the post-Internet newspaper: How would you design a news product from scratch today? (http://www.buzzmachine.com/archives/2003_09.html#004722)
+ For = example, wouldn’t it make sense to banish background from the story to a lin= k? It’s numbing reading the same background over and over and it’= ;s unnecessary (and when it is necessary, it’s usually inadequate).
What e= lse?
+ Shou= ld we lead with the news everyone already knows or should we lead with our key strengths: Our localness, our original reporting, our viewpoints, our perspective?
To quo= te Carly Fiorina in the conference readings: “They don’t need us any m= ore for access to information. They need us to add value, to add perspective = that they don’t see, to add understanding that they don’t have.= 221;
+ Shou= ldn’t we link to and perhaps summarize other sources of news? If that’s what= the audience wants, why don’t we help them?
+ Shou= ldn’t we present the news from various viewpoints?
+ Let&= #8217;s find ways to give the audience a voice, include them in our product, engage in= the conversation
+ We s= hould take the lessons of user interface and user behavior to all news products: how we organize our news, how we trim stories of show-off paragaphs to save readers’ time.
Now wh= en you want information, where is the first place you go?
Google= , of course.
You se= arch.
And th= en you link.
News a= nd information is no longer about us feeding them. It’s about me getting what I wa= nt when and where I want it. That should change the way we offer news.
We as = consumers no longer wait for news to come to us. News waits for us to come get it. New= s is constant. It’s wherever, whenever we want it.
This i= s thanks to:
+ The = Internet
+ Auto= mated news services (GoogleNews, AP on Yahoo)
+ Mobi= le devices (I check GoogleNews on my Treo)
+ The = promise of ubiquitous high-speed access (I’ll then be able to watch TV on my Treo). So are we ready to offer bandwidth-smart content? Can our newsrooms gather and produce it? Are we all unimedia in a multimedia world?<= br>
+ RSS = (a new means of delivery for content; I’ll explain that later if anyone wants)
This c= hanges news consumers’ habits, the expectations of consumers for what we delive= r, and the way we deliver it.
We hav= e all found online that noon – lunchtime – is the new prime time of news.= But we don’t deliver our products then.
We als= o are finding, again, that consumers are going to more and more sources of news. This is= how The Guardian became such a big brand in the U.S. Should we be linking to those sources for them?

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‹header›
‹date/time›=
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹footer›
‹#›
I’ll skip over the obvious = changes I have seen technology bring to the newsroom in my career: captured keystrokes, digital editing, wysiwyg design, wireless transmission, improv= ed deadlines. That is yesterday’s news. The important developments = in technology affecting the newsroom today are all happening outside the newsroom, bringing change from the outside in.
I’ll quickly focus on five broad areas…
I will emphasize first and foremost the advent of citizens’ media because I believe it is nothing less than revolutionary for news.
Forget Gutenberg.
I say that the most important invention in media was the remote control, f= or it gave the audience control. Add the cable box, the VCR, TiVo, the iPod, = the Internet -- all embraced because of the control they gave consumers. Now add to= ols that allow citizens not just to control content but to create and distribu= te it.
Add weblogging.
Weblogging is the product of history’s easiest, cheapest publishing = tool attached to history’s best distribution network. It brings the power of the printing press and the broadcast tower to the citizens.
It destroys the barrier to entry to media.
As Jay Rosen of NYU says, “Now, the readers are writers and the writ= ers are readers.” Citizens are creating their own media and even me= dia companies – witness Nick Denton’s Gawker Media; one political blogger set to make $150,000 this year; other bloggers starting to make a living as entrepreneurs. I depressed the hell out of a magazine columnist = who was thinking about coming to blogs when I told him who his competitors wer= e. “You mean I’m competing with people making $2,000 a month?R= 21; he gasped. “No,” I said. “You’re competing with pe= ople who are doing this for free because they love it.” It’s happening in text now but it will happen in TV and radio next because the = equipment is good and cheap; the editing tools are getting better and cheaper (I use= a $90 camera and $99 software to create video commentaries); distribution is finally about to be cheap and ubiquitous; and the TV industry itself is starting to disassemble as cable networks start broadband channels. TV will explode.
But weblogs are exploding first.
Th= is changes our fundamental relationship with our public in many ways:
+ = First, the people we used to call the audience finally have a voice. And it is our turn to listen. But I would say we’re not – yet.
+ = Second, they are correcting us. As early blogger Ken Layne famously said, “We fact-check your ass.” That is good for us. Note the relationship of bloggers to The New York Times’ public editor, Dan Okrent, who has responded to bloggers’ complaints and gotten high marks – at least outside The Times – for it. Note last week’s explanation by the Washington Post’s Baghdad bureau chief of his mistaken claim that Paul Bremer did not give a farewell address to = the Iraqi people; he credited bloggers with pressu= ring him to do so. See, too, how the LA Times succumbed to a surprised and cynical blogger’s pressure to = fairly criticize a liberal Supreme Court justice as it had a conservative = judge – a success story for listening. This = will be good for our credibility.
+ Citizens’ media tears down the authority of big media and establishes the authority of the audience. That’s not as ominous as it sounds. Whom are you going to believ= e when it comes to recommendations for a new phone to buy, or a book, or a babysitter? Fellow consumers. Citizen= s.
+ = We can look upon citizens’ media as competition. I say its wiser to coopera= te. In the relationship I’m trying to establish with town bloggers in our markets, we will (1) promote each other, (2) sha= re content, (3) bring them into our ad network, expanding our reach and underwriting their efforts.
On a far different scale, shouldn= 217;t we all be reading weblogs by Iraqis to compare and contrast to our coverag= e of events there? Shouldn’t we be q= uoting them for their unique perspective?
+ = They are providing us with new sources of news, information, and diverse viewpoints= . At Advance, we are working, slowly but s= urely to use citizen bloggers to help us achieve the newspaper nirvana of hyperl= ocal coverage, building our primary compet= itive strength – our localness – and building our audience and then,= we hope, bringing in the holy grail of hyperlocal advertising, the pizzeria who never could afford to advertise w= ith us.
+ = Weblogs provide us with diverse viewpoints – at home or in Iraq. Note Pew’s finding that during two-thirds of consumers liked the Internet because of the ability to get news from = many source; half valued the ability to get different points of view from news and government outlets. With the commoditization = of news, perhaps viewpoint is a key asse= t. I say that is the key lesson of the success of FoxNews: The people havenR= 17;t gone to the right; they are going to a source of news that’s more interesting and we must give them credit = for being able to truly judge what is fai= r and balanced. And if we stick our noses up at FoxNews, we reject our public. T= hat is dangerous.
+ = We can look upon citizens’ media as the ultimate focus group: They tell us = what they care about, what really matters = to them. Compare the top headlines on our front pages with the stories that g= et the most links on Technorati or Blogd= ex and you may question our news judgment. Are our reporters getting story ideas = from blogs and forums?
+ = Weblogs are essentially social; we bloggers love community; we love the conversati= on.
Be= fore I appeared on a panel at the Online News Association, I asked my blog readers what I should say and one of them, cartoonist, adman and blogger Hugh McLeod, replied: :
“Perhaps online newspapers should stop seeing themselves as ‘things,’ rather a point on the map where wonderful peop= le cluster together to do wonderful things. A … brain trust, held cohes= ive by good editor. Some of the cluster will be paid (the journalists), others won't (the audience). But everybody is welcome to contribute, and is kinda working toge= ther with the same goal: to create the most vibrant intellectual collective that they can.”
It’s so obvious I won’= ;t dwell on it. But an important impact of technology on the news business is, of course, that we can get the news faster from more sources. + For examp= le, we’re using digital photography and now the people are. We will get major news photography from witnesses. Are we prepared for that? Are we inviting people to share the news. (It’s how Gawker gets its news.) = Do we have the technical means to accept it? How do we vet it and incorporate it= in our reports? + During the Iraq war, of course, we saw instant reports = via satphones from our reporters-as-witnesses. This raises issues we’re = all quite familiar with: Instant news bypasses editing and does not have the luxury of waiting for the fuller story to emerge. We value speed. Shou= ld we also fear it? Should we present news differently so the audience is bet= ter equipped to know the difference between a report of a mobile biological lab and confirmation of it?
We as consumers no longer wait fo= r news to come to us. News waits for us to come get it. News is constant. It̵= 7;s wherever, whenever we want it.
This is thanks to:
+ The Internet
+ Automated news services (GoogleNews, AP on Yahoo)
+ Mobile devices (I check GoogleNews on my Treo)
+ The promise of ubiquitous high-speed access (I’ll then be able to watch TV on my Treo). So are we ready to offer bandwidth-smart content? Can our newsrooms gather and produce it? Are we all unimedia in a multimedia world? + RSS (a new means of delivery for content; I’ll explain = that later if anyone wants) This changes news consumers’ habits, the expectations of consumers for what we deliver, and the way we deliver it. We have all found online that noon – lunchtime – is the n= ew prime time of news. But we don’t deliver our products then. We = also are finding, again, that consumers are going to more and more sources of n= ews. This is how The Guardian became such a big brand in the U.S. Should we be linking to those sources for them?
Now when you want information, where is the first place you go? <= /div>
Google, of course.
You search.
And then you link.
News and information is no longer about us feeding them. It’s about = me getting what I want when and where I want it. That should change the way we offer news.
Sometime ago, on my weblog, I wro= te about the post-Internet newspaper: How would you design a news product from scra= tch today? (http://www.buzzmachine.com/archives/2003_09.html#004722) + For example, wouldn’t it make sense to banish background from the story = to a link? It’s numbing reading the same background over and over and it’s unnecessary (and when it is necessary, it’s usually inadequate).
What else?
+ Should we lead with the news everyone already knows or should we lead wi= th our key strengths: Our localness, our original reporting, our viewpoints, = our perspective? To quote Carly Fiorina in the conference readings: “They don’t need us any more for access to information. They n= eed us to add value, to add perspective that they don’t see, to add understanding that they don’t have.” + Shouldn’t we = link to and perhaps summarize other sources of news? If that’s what the audience wants, why don’t we help them?
+ Shouldn’t we present the news from various viewpoints? + Let’s find ways to give the audience a voice, include them in our product, engage in the conversation + We should take the lessons of us= er interface and user behavior to all news products: how we organize our news, how we trim stories of show-off paragaphs to save readers’ time. = ;+ Finally, we need to recognize that the essential element of news and infor= mation is no longer the newspaper or the channel and no longer even the page or t= he show, it is the story or the post – news has gone molecular. So we n= eed to organize our news that way, taking people directly and permanently to t= he elements of news they want.
The most profound change technolo= gy is bringing to journalism and to the culture has nothing to do with silicon or software. It is, instead, a weltanschauung accepted among the current generation and expected of us, the last generation.
It is a culture of transparency.
Transparency has its roots in many technologies:
Of course, weblogging is all about transparency: Bloggers tell the world a= bout – and are often called upon to defend – their opinions and interests, their mistakes and temptations, and even their lives. This movement believes that open-source software works better because the wisdo= m of the crowds, to borrow the title of James Surowiecki’s new book. The = process must be transparent. And this generation, to our consternation, believ= es that information and intellectual property want to be free and open: transparent, in another sense. But it’s not all about theft. Thi= s is the gift economy, in which we share our experience and information and tal= ents with others in the expectation that what goes around will come around.
This is a extremely social movement – not a movement of geeky loners.
This movement craves conversation – two-way conversation when for so long have worked only one-way. Are we listening and responding? It cra= ves community and we need to ask ourselves whether we see ourselves as members= of the community or still above it. It is a culture built around merit b= ut it is also essentially egalitarian: Nobody knows whether you’re a do= g on the Internet, but they do know whether you’re a genius. It is a move= ment of populism and democracy: See how weblogs are ready to revolutionize even Iran. Hell, see democracy in action in the influence of blog links in a Go= ogle search.
Liberté Egalité Fraternité: to the blogs, comrades.
This is also a movement of frankness. That is the root of flame wars: Peop= le say what they think. They confess their bias. They expect us to. So this culture of transparency expects us to be transparent. And haven’t we= always expected those we cover to be transparent? Haven’t we demanded openn= ess, frankness, honesty, and hearing of the politicians and business people and civic leaders we cover? It is our turn to open the shades, to reveal o= ur process and prejudice, to engage in the conversation, to join in the community… to be transparent. Shouldn’t we, of all people and professions, be the most transparent? Sometime ago, on my weblog, I wrote about the post-Internet newspaper: How would you design a news product from scratch today? (http://www.buzzmachine.com/archives/2003_09.html#004722)&#= 13;+ For example, wouldn’t it make sense to banish background from the st= ory to a link? It’s numbing reading the same background over and over and it’s unnecessary (and when it is necessary, it’s usually inadequate).
What else?
+ Should we lead with the news everyone already knows or should we lead wi= th our key strengths: Our localness, our original reporting, our viewpoints, = our perspective? To quote Carly Fiorina in the conference readings: “They don’t need us any more for access to information. They n= eed us to add value, to add perspective that they don’t see, to add understanding that they don’t have.” + Shouldn’t we = link to and perhaps summarize other sources of news? If that’s what the audience wants, why don’t we help them?
+ Shouldn’t we present the news from various viewpoints? + Let’s find ways to give the audience a voice, include them in our product, engage in the conversation + We should take the lessons of us= er interface and user behavior to all news products: how we organize our news, how we trim stories of show-off paragaphs to save readers’ time.
Now when you want information, where is the first place you go? <= /div>
Google, of course.
You search.
And then you link.
News and information is no longer about us feeding them. It’s about = me getting what I want when and where I want it. That should change the way we offer news. We as consumers no longer wait for news to come to us. Ne= ws waits for us to come get it. News is constant. It’s wherever, whenev= er we want it.
This is thanks to:
+ The Internet
+ Automated news services (GoogleNews, AP on Yahoo)
+ Mobile devices (I check GoogleNews on my Treo)
+ The promise of ubiquitous high-speed access (I’ll then be able to watch TV on my Treo). So are we ready to offer bandwidth-smart content? Can our newsrooms gather and produce it? Are we all unimedia in a multimedia world? + RSS (a new means of delivery for content; I’ll explain = that later if anyone wants) This changes news consumers’ habits, the expectations of consumers for what we deliver, and the way we deliver it. We have all found online that noon – lunchtime – is the n= ew prime time of news. But we don’t deliver our products then. We = also are finding, again, that consumers are going to more and more sources of n= ews. This is how The Guardian became such a big brand in the U.S. Should we be linking to those sources for them?
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return window.name =3D=3D name } function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") } function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) } function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"= && navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) } function SupportsPPTHTML() { var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0 if( msie >=3D 0 ) ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) ) else ver=3DparseInt(appVer) return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 ) } function _RSW() { if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() || ( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) ) return var padding=3D0; if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6 cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor ) factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH newSize =3D g_origSz * factor if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1 s=3DSlideObj.style s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px" s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2 s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2 if( g_scaleHyperlinks ) ScaleHyperlinks( factor ) } function _InitAnimations() { animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined'; isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode(); g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc= reen && parent.IsSldVisited()); if( g_animUseRuntime ) { collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq"); if( collSeq !=3D null ) { for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds ) gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds; if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) { if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 ) gSldJumpIdx =3D 1; var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx); gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D ""; win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref ) } } } function _KDH() { if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) { event.returnValue =3D 0; parent.GoToPrevSld(); } } function DocumentOnClick() { if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return; if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) || (event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) ) parent.GoToNextSld(); } var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""= , g_bgSound=3D"", g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser = =3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 1; var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w= indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va= r g_animManager =3D null; var g_animUseRuntime =3D false; var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime; var g_animMainSequence =3D null; var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram= es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D8, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_H= REF=3D"fullscreen.htm"; var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO= tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML() var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(= "slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("= slide0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0010.htm",1,-1,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+obj.mSldHref) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('


' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '

') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii 0) { PushSldList(sldList,fEnd); gCurSld =3D 1; } else if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) { var ii =3D gSldStack.length; gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd); GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref ); } function PopSldList() { if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow) EndShow() else { gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld; gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null; gSldStack.length--; var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1]; GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref ); } } var custShowList=3Dnew Array(); /********************************************* Navigation button implementation There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn implemented as function objects. They share a similiar interface so the event handlers can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20 object without needing to know exactly=20 what type of button it is. **********************************************/ //---------------------------------- function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action ) //---------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _IBP t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE t.ChangeIcon =3D null t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _IBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.mBorderId=3D bId t.mWidth =3D w t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0 } function _IBSetA() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _IBSetI() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } } function _IBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 ) obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1 } } function _IBSetD() { =20 obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } function _IBSetE( state ) { var t=3Dthis GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible" if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) { t.mIsOn=3Dstate if( state ) t.SetInactive() else t.SetDisabled() } } function _IBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) { if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( t.ChangeIcon ) { obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId) if( t.ChangeIcon() ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth else obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth } t.SetActive() } =20 } function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState ) { var t=3Dthis SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 ) obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj= .style.posTop t.mCurState=3DnextState return obj } //----------------------------------------- function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState ) //----------------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _TBP t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE t.GetState =3D chkState t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _TBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.m_elementsId=3D oeId t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBSetA() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetI() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) } function _TBSetD() { =20 this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) this.mIsOn =3D 0 } function _TBSetE() { var t=3Dthis if( !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) else t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) {=20 if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( !t.GetState ) return if( t.GetState() ) t.SetPressed() else t.SetActive() } =20 } function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset ) { SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 ) Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset ) } function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle= ft } function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight ) { s=3Dobj.style; s.borderStyle =3D "solid" s.borderWidth =3D 1=20 s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight } function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] } function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() } function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() } function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() } function BtnOnUp() { b=3DGetBtnObj() if( b !=3D null ) b.Perform() else Upd() } function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen } function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen } function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp } function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal ) { s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style s.display=3D"none" if( fVal ) s.display=3D"" else s.display=3D"none" } function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etActive() } function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etInactive() } function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etPressed() } function _BSetA_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20 if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _BSetI_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"= THREEDFACE" var gBtnArr =3D new Array() gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan= e,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt= lPane,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN= tsPane ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.= ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To= ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n= b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld ) gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n= b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent= .FullScreen ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa= rent.FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent= .FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice= ","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration ) gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT= xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts" gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState /********************************************* Context menu implementation _CM() is the function that's hooked up to the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to show the menu, we first build it by creating DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20 within the screen area so it doesn't get clipped. Creating the DIVs using createElement() means we don't have to write out any extra HTML into the slide HTML files. **********************************************/ var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr= row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval" function ShowMenu() { BuildMenu(); var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y= =3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) ) m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth m.style.pixelTop=3Dy if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) ) m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight m.style.display=3D"" } function _CM() { if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return; if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) { ShowMenu() return false } else HideMenu() } function BuildMenu() { if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body ) mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu" mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden" var s=3DmObj.style s.position=3D"absolute" s.cursor=3D"default" s.width=3D"120px" SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black") var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj ) SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" ) iObj.style.padding=3D2 CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld ) =09 CreateSeparator( iObj ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True ) mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" } function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa= lue=3Dfalse } function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") } function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") } function Perform() { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) e.Action() else PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function ChangeClr( bg,clr ) { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) { e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg e.style.color=3Dclr } } function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) } function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() } function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();= PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() } function M_True() { return true } function M_End() { window.close( self ) } function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval ) { var e=3DCreateItem( node ) e.type=3D"menuitem" e.Action=3Daction e.IsActive=3Deval e.innerHTML=3Dtext if( !e.IsActive() ) e.style.color=3D"threedshadow" e.onclick=3DPerform e.onmouseover=3DHighlight e.onmouseout=3DDeselect s=3De.style; s.fontFamily=3DsFont s.fontSize=3D"9pt" s.paddingLeft=3D2 } function CreateSeparator( node ) { var sObj=3DCreateItem( node ) SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu") var s=3DsObj.style s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow" s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight" s.height=3D1 s.fontSize=3D"0px" } function CreateItem( node ) { var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV") node.insertBefore( elem ) return elem } function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr ) { var s=3Do.style s.backgroundColor=3D"menu" s.borderStyle=3D"solid" s.borderWidth=3D1 s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr } ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/fullscreen.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/notes_flag.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhCgAKAPcAAAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgMwENMTExPz8/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD//////ywAAAAACgAKAEAIKgDx4UNA sKDAgQUTJiCogGHDhBAfFlRAMSFCiAguTozYUGJEiAk0EhQYEAA7 ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/buttons.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhWAESAPf4AAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgAQEBISEBASEBISEhAQEhMTExAQE /KTM9Pz8/ERERPz8BAT8/KSkpGRkhMTcxCRkxAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD//////yH5BAEAAPgALAAAAABYARIA QAj/APEJHEiwoMGDCBMqXMiwocOHECNKnEixosWLGCEiQKCRo8YDIEHig2DxAD4LKD1avDDhgUuV GUOGbHBR5QGYFBG4fHAB58EKECJEwCfUYAWPFGAygLCRKQIIUKM6WAohKUGgCikcFWh1INWoYKVS 7SrQ41GbIhGYLAuVQVOoC+IyXUuUAkG1HE3KFDhAwkgJc5/qDZmxsOHDiBMrXsy4sePDGyP7lChT 5MULmDPnlDw5YmW6FTNrfgi0aNGEZPEtbfo2bNTUpYeeRph69dPWrqvCNFuBIGG1A59CYPAVQtwF cw0OxWdTIOiBCQAjaAB17fOFII8voGmRc+eOkilm/z9OvTtnjN4hYk1YoT3H2rnBOphPAB9skgq3 2lcaX/5YnJVt9BloAar12UEIRGCZdQghMABI1Tn32IQUVthYexhmqGGGMBHAgIfEhSiiiATAtOGJ GnYI4ogsEldicAYOGNJGZaml3Y0L3NTZUBz1xlB0PUoUI0jlVWRSVN89xBKSGB1YU1TMoRfVBEle hR9HQs1GEHxQ3RZZbveZthxt/LEmXHyp5XWABSCpaRJwbM13gAACPHVccgJFgF+NEhqUAEkQSCfc ddhVhh5dVTaEAEsTUNlkZUWKN9BNGDE6QU8OrSdbllzpxyVTTrU21Uj3scfhp7nNpyoDaTIEJ3P9 If8J2kbLNYegg9JRBwGhFvbq66+ZUiDssMQWK2yHxiZLrInKNotss8l+B5yBrr5p2UIJvortANoC 6+234IbLla/elRtZjeamh5CC3Sb0YLvixivvYkDFGlZqBNh7r4n6goVvv6/ZlCicN+kL71ALTnpQ dCIZp7CihkLA3UQmoWRBogyxtBPGCTnZncVR1rSTo5nuydC/Eo8kUH+lOoTyyvjoCuZu+PjYIKLD rZybtrM1d10C0QXKEVz48GrQkEeWdFJKlbb0UmEeV0SzyC6RvNB646LWIVjUNeC1zAFb+RDKXksM 9r531bwmpQW9+hQDDsx5pqwDRWBXcFES2hc+gEn/wJGdEEWdE6LoWcoxQweaTNmkhydkKaYMYY2Q p1unbLl/pPKbn3v7EZRvrKvqlja2ONvrtoIw9tn2g32/tQBlhtYkU+MNikZ7QYlPDPuMldpOmuJX nVo5VF3HjI+q89mteX5IDd/fVFClma5kiE4f2XUJhlz09gj2NbTDRifkmu7zXjR++RVJ/lPznuvr QH2iD6S+UewP9Dnon6d2NLwN8n90BB6hC68cFMCHoe+ACASP9c4DowUyEF0OPFcDI0ij/VXPaAKC UfhS95AKGoQ7IBRICI1HwhGaUIQoLGEKT6jCFrLwhSuMoQtlCMMZ2rCGOKShDm+4wxzy8Ic+DGIP B4cIRCKGMCAAOy== ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/frame.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Slide 1 ------=_NextPart_01C46BDD.4CC3A090 Content-Location: file:///C:/D04B4D0E/aspen_files/outline.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
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Slide Show
Outline
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